ĭatabases included in this study were obtained from Fukushima, Ibaraki, Toyonaka, Fukuoka, Miyazaki and Okinawa. Details of this cohort were published previously. The specific health check and guidance program, the so-called Tokutei-Kenshin, was started in Japan in 2008. In the present study, we examined the significance of dipstick hematuria in relation to mortality. Participants of this screening were 40–74 years of age, and therefore the effects of menstruation, if any, would be minimal. In this nationwide screening program, dipstick urine testing for proteinuria is a mandatory laboratory examination, but dipstick urine testing for hematuria is not. We evaluated the effects of several baseline confounders on mortality, including obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and CKD, in a nationwide general screening cohort. Few studies, however, have investigated the relationship between hematuria and mortality among a large screening population. Recent reports suggest that hematuria is also related to mortality and cardiovascular events in a chronic kidney disease (CKD) cohort. Īlbuminuria (proteinuria) is a significant predictor of both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Further, asymptomatic hematuria is a confirmed risk factor for developing ESRD, even in young adults. Hematuria is a risk factor for developing end-stage renal disease (ESRD), although the risk of ESRD is lower than that of developing proteinuria. Hematuria is relatively common, particularly in elderly women, among general screening participants. Isolated hematuria seldom develops into renal insufficiency, but 10.6% of persons with isolated hematuria may develop proteinuria during the follow-up period. Chronic kidney disease, hematuria, mortality, obesity, proteinuria INTRODUCTIONĪsymptomatic hematuria and proteinuria are often detected by mass screening in adults.
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